Preheat your oven to 325°F.
Peel, core, and chop the apples into roughly 1-inch pieces. Don't worry about making them perfectly uniform since they'll be blended later.
Place the chopped apples in a Dutch oven and pour the apple cider over top.
Cover the Dutch oven with its lid and bake for 1½ to 2 hours, or until the apples are extremely soft.The apples are ready when they mash easily with the back of a spoon. Add the granulated sugar, brown sugar, apple pie spice, and salt to the softened apples. Use an immersion blender to blend the mixture until completely smooth.
Reduce the oven temperature to 300°F.
Return the Dutch oven to the oven uncovered and bake for 1 to 1½ hours, stirring every 30 minutes.
As the apple butter cooks, it will slowly darken in color and thicken.
When the apple butter has thickened and become a rich caramel-brown color, stir in the fresh lemon juice and the scraped vanilla bean (or vanilla extract).
Return it to the oven for 30 more minutes so the flavors can meld together.
Taste and adjust the sweetness if needed. Depending on the apples you use, you may want to add an extra tablespoon or two of sugar.
Allow the apple butter to cool slightly before serving. As it cools, it will continue to thicken into a smooth, spreadable consistency.Enjoy it on toast, biscuits, English muffins, pancakes, waffles, or stirred into oatmeal and yogurt.Store any leftovers in an airtight container in the refrigerator until you're ready to enjoy more.